What was of the nickname of the Union Army? The Confederacy early on lost control of most of its major river and ocean ports to capture or blockade. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. At home their families were in worsening condition and faced starvation and the depredations of roving bands of marauders. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. The task of compiling these records for Confederate soldiers began in 1903. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. What Were the Major Strategies of the Civil War? [7] By the end of the war, more than 100,000 Confederate soldiers had deserted,[8] and some estimates put the number as high as one-third of all Confederate soldiers. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. Last modified on Tue 28 Feb 2023 01.43 EST. Confederate - a supporter of the Confederate States of A very nice "dug" late-war Confederate artillery shell. The Confederate Congress initially made the rank of brigadier general the highest rank. The truth of the story has been disputed. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. The problem escalated rapidly after that, and fewer and fewer men returned. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. The Confederate . Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain reb. In December 1863, it abolished the practice of allowing a rich drafted man to hire a substitute to take his place in the ranks. They were paid in Confederate currency. Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. As the war progressed, the other general-officer ranks were quickly added, but no insignia for them was created. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. A Chance for Active Service. They were also Companies were commanded by captains and had two or more lieutenants. In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one such treaty was the Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. station23.cebu document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. BOYCOTT. [11], Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S. They tended to be young southern farmers, laborers and mechanics. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. Many soldiers went home temporarily ("Absent Without Official Leave") and quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. These major units were generally named after states or geographic regions (in comparison to the U.S. Army's custom of naming armies after rivers). Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Discover several new games that we've added to our collection! Ten companies were organized into an infantry regiment, which theoretically had 1,000 men. [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. Graybacks was the Sergeant Kirkland's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg to this day. Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. [5], Confederate casualty figures also are incomplete and unreliable. Brigades were commanded by brigadier generals although casualties or other attrition sometimes meant that brigades would be commanded by senior colonels or even a lower grade officer. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." [112] NARA describes this effort: The compilation of service records of Confederate soldiers was begun in 1903 under the direction of Brig. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning. March 13, 1865, authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented. James McPherson broke down the geographical distribution of Confederate soldiers even further in his book For Cause and Comrades: State / Estimated % of all Confederate Soldiers: Virginia 14%North Carolina 15%Tennessee 12%South Carolina 6%Georgia 11%Florida 2%Alabama 9%Mississippi 7%Louisiana 6%Arkansas 3%Texas 6%Maryland 2%Kentucky 5%Missouri 3%. [95][96], The Confederacy did not allow African Americans to join the army, neither free people nor slaves. Get a free answer to a quick problem. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. uniforms, just as British soldiers were called redcoats because of What was the nickname of the Confederate soldiers? Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. [9] The Confederacy's government effectively dissolved when it fled Richmond on April 3, 1865, and exerted no control over the remaining armies. Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". Collections; . [6][citation needed]. The Confederate states wanted to keep slavery and to limit the role of the federal government in state government. Confederate . The unsolvable problem was shipping it to the armies, especially when Lee's army in Virginia was at the end of a long, tenuous supply line. Educate, entertain, and engage with Factmonster. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Although fewer soldiers might comprise a squad or platoon, the smallest infantry maneuver unit in the Army was a company of 100 soldiers. greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. A disgusted officer later acknowledged that "with the exception of a partial supply for the Choctaw regiment, no tents, clothing, or camp, and garrison equipage was furnished to any of them. And Maryland's nickname "Old Line" refers to the steadfast Maryland troops from the era of the American Revolution. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . Can proteins have polar and non polar regions? greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied Two to four divisions usually formed a corps. They were also called rebs and yanks. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. It rallied behind Lincoln's call on April 15 for all the loyal states to send troops to recapture the forts from the secessionists, to put down the rebellion and to save the Union. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. A few corps commanders were never confirmed as lieutenant generals and exercised corps command for varying periods as major generals. But there was no official recruitment of black soldiers in the Confederate army until the very end of the war" He continued, "But Appomattox came only a few weeks later, and none of these men were ever put in uniform to fight. The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. War "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. Edit Search New Search. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. Tennessee joined the Confederacy in 1861, but Tennessee soldiers served in both the Union and Confederate armies. 58692. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. gray. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. III, pp. Sources: The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. [115][116], The usage of black men as soldiers by the Union, combined with Abraham Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, profoundly angered the Confederacy,[117] with the Confederates calling it uncivilized. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter signed the outbreak Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank regiment. 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