John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. The Young Grierson in America, 1924-1927 Jack C. Ellis An important few of the formative years of John Grierson, the Scot who would inspire and lead Britain into a documentary film movement, were spent in the United States. history, culture, arts, and natural history of the state and region. [2] Grierson decided to give up smoking and drinking to benefit his health. [5] His research focus was the psychology of propagandathe impact of the press, film, and other mass media on forming public opinion. The film revolutionized the way working people were represented in films.John Grierson was especially interested in the power of film to reveal the issues plaguing society and to provoke social change. Drifters (1929) is silent documentary film by John Grierson, his first and only personal film.. Drifters (treatment), Heart of Scotland Job in a Million It was in this way that the British documentary movement was given shape (pr); He also lectured at Carleton University once a fortnight. Cinema Canada "The Prospect for Cultural Cinema," in Alberto Cavalcanti, 1935). revolutionized the portrayal of working people in the cinema. As the war came to a close, Grierson grew weary of Canadian bureaucrats and resigned. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Documentary_Film_Movement&oldid=934857783. "Dramatising Housing Needs and City Planning," in (treatment). On his return to England, Grierson was employed on a temporary basis as an Assistant Films Officer of the Empire Marketing Board (EMB), a governmental agency which had been established in 1926 to promote British world trade and British unity throughout the empire. co-teacher with Grierson. 192427; joined Empire Marketing Board (EMB) Film Unit under 19 February 1972. [2] Only one copy of the film was made, it was sent to the Swiss Red Cross who deliberately let it fall into German hands. documentary to Free Cinema," in Cinema Journal (exec pr); had grown into one of the world's largest film studios and was a model for similar institutions around the world. Whether As a result, in 1947, the federal government restricted imports on a large number of goods. 3 Taking Grierson's intellectual formation and his 'shrewdly tactical' manoeuvring into account, Corner summarizes the key arguments of 'First Born into a large family that wasnt afraid to argue politics over dinner, John Grierson was a labor organizer in Glasgow during a time of massive poverty and social unrest. (North York, Ontario), vol. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The New Operator (Evanston), Spring 1977. Interesting technical sidebar: Night Mail was the first film to show actuality images with accompanying sounds. John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. 6 | GRIERSON 2009 The documentary film I gave a push to forty years ago was a richer form of art than I ever dreamt of. On February 26, 1942, National Film Board of Canada Commissioner John Grierson accepted the Academy Award for documentary short for the film Churchill's Island.Originally produced for a Canadian audience as part of the Canada Carries On series of newsreels, the film would make a huge splash in the USA and help launch a new series produced specifically for our American neighbours. You're Only Young Twice In his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926) in the New York Sun (8 February 1926), Grierson wrote that it had 'documentary' value. (Abindon, Oxon), March 1983. the interrelatedness of the modern world, and of our dependency on each theaters to reach audiences in schools and factories, union halls and [2] In 1956, Grierson was the president of the Venice Film Festival's jury; he was also jury president at the Cork Film Festival and the South American Film Festival in 1958. He took stock of the situation at lightning speed and submitted his findings just a month later. John Grierson founded and led the British documentary film movement of the thirties. John Grierson, 1968 It will be eighty years next week, 10 November 1929, that John Grierson's Drifters had its premier in the old Tivoli Theatre in the Strand. for other countries. [2] This Wonderful World was shown weekly, other topics for episodes included Leonardo da Vinci, ballet, King Penguins and Norman McLaren's Boogie Doodle. (Wright) (pr); read them. The aim of the awards is to recognise outstanding films that demonstrate integrity, originality and technical excellence, together with social or cultural significance.[13]. [2] The New University Labour Club was initiated by John as well as the Critic's Club; he also had poetry published in the Glasgow University magazine from November 1920 until February 1923. Housing Problems (1935) achieves landmark status for being the first film to look at appalling social conditions through the personal experience of people directly affected.Continuing to showcase the social power Grierson saw in documentary film, Housing Problems explores the issues personally faced by those living in industrial slums. [2] Grierson was able to make a large contribution to the committee which included Robert M. Hutchins, William E. Hocking, Harold D. Lasswell, Archibald McLeish and Charles Merriam. From Historica Canada. , London, 1995. Nightmail is a paradigm of propaganda so intertwined with art that the viewer experiences pleasure while absorbing the message (painlessly, effortlessly and probably even unconsciously), writes Jack C. Ellis in his critical history The Documentary Idea. lieutenants, went on a six-month missionary expedition to the United 1977 University of Illinois Press (exec pr), Man of Africa How much is a steak that is 3 pounds at $3.85 per pound. From 1936, the movement began to disperse and divisions emerged. Spectator career as an individual filmmaker. [2] The head of the Motion Picture Bureau for Canada, Frank Bagdley, did not appreciate Grierson's assessment and criticism of the films made by the Bureau which was that they focused too much on Canada as a place to holiday. Ellis, Jack C., "The Final Years of British Documentary as the (Montreal), June/July 1979. (Evanston, Illinois), Fall 1968. He imported Winston, Brian, Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Film can be mobilized in the public service to give image and perspective to the national scene, is how he put it. Its also one early example of sound accompanying actuallity footage. Grierson himself was to later say, "Docu mentary is a clumsy description, but let it stand."1 Other film theorists such as Richard Barsam have (pr), Calender of the Year while Grierson was in the United States in the 1920s. Quarterly of Film, Radio, Television In 1939, Canada created the National Film Commission, which would later become the National Film Board of Canada. Grierson was born in 1898 when going to the movies still meant going to a Kinetoscope parlour peeping into a flickering projection box; but screen projection technology, so important to Griersons social education enterprise, was just around the corner. May 1939 and appointed Grierson its first commissioner in October 1939. Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary [2] His mother, a suffragette and ardent Labour Party activist, often took the chair at Tom Johnston's election meetings. "Grierson on Documentary: Last Interview," with Elizabeth So This Is London Later he was an executive producer in Britain for television and motion pictures and acted as an adviser to makers of informational films. Download 75-page Term Paper on "John Grierson the Documentary Film Developed Alongside" (2023) developed alongside the narrative film, though largely during the sound era. The National Film Board of Canada stands as the largest and most Windmill in Barbados [2], On 26 February 1942, Grierson attended the Academy Awards and received the award on behalf of the National Film Board for Churchill's Island. This is reflected in his first documentary, Drifters.[/caption]. In all of this, there was more than a little elitism, a stance reflected in Grierson's many dicta of the time: "The elect have their duty." [2] The Benares was torpedoed four days after its sailing, and sank within thirty-one minutes in a Force 10 Gale. (exec pr), The Brave Don't Cry User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. He [2] Grierson delivered his report on government film propaganda and the weaknesses he had found in Canadian film production; his suggestion was to create a national coordinating body for the production of films. [2] Grierson was appointed the first Commissioner of the National Film Board in October 1939. Founded in 1918, the Press publishes more than 40 journals representing 18 societies, along with more than 100 new books annually. Grierson respected Flaherty immensely for his contributions to documentary form and his attempts to use the camera to bring alive the lives of everyday people and everyday events. [2] Granton Trawler was a favourite film of Grierson's, he saw it as a homage to the Isabella Greig that was sunk in 1941 by German bombs when it went out to fish and was never seen again. The investigators then threw doubt on Grierson himself for his alleged "communist" sympathies. Portable gear for actuality shooting on the run was another 20 years away. [citation needed]. ones. (Paris), no. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. , London and New York, 1990. In a 1926 review of one of Flaherty's films, he coined the term "documentary" to describe the dramatization of the everyday life of ordinary people. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The first practical application of Grierson's ideas at the EMB was We Live in Two Worlds John Grierson: A Documentary Biography He was the first to use the word documentary in relation to film, applying it to Robert Flaherty's Moana while Grierson was in the United States in the 1920s. (London), Spring 1972. Song of Ceylon in the employ of a government or Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Documentary is a form of film in which these two crucial elements are always in tension., How did John Grierson famously define documentary film in the 1930s?, There are multiple stories communicated in Tower of the people who survived the shooting at the University of Texas. (pr), The Face of Scotland Basil Wright) which was sponsored jointly by the Ceylon Tea Propaganda Bureau and the EMB. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. He read and agreed with the journalist and political philosopher Walter Lippmann's book Public Opinion which blamed the erosion of democracy in part on the fact that the political and social complexities of contemporary society made it difficult if not impossible for the public to comprehend and respond to issues vital to the maintenance of democratic society. Films Division of Central Office of Information, London, 194850; The audience were members of the London Film Society, Drifters [2][10], Grierson was appointed as a foreign adviser to the Commission on Freedom of the Press in December 1943, which had been set up by the University of Chicago. In 1939, Grierson left Britain to work with the National Film Board of Canada, where he remained until 1945. (pr); [2] He went to the Crystal Palace in London to train with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. [2], Grierson opened the new primary school at Cambusbarron on 10 October 1967; his sister Dorothy attended the day with him. [2] He returned to the UK in December 1971 and was meant to travel back to India; however, his trip was delayed by the Indo-Pakistani War. Sight and Sound (pr); (pr), Night Mail The Coming of the Dial presented to the population at large, an understanding and appreciation of The next day he joined H.M.S Rightwhale, where he was promoted to leading telegraphist on 2 June 1918 and remained on the vessel until he was demobilised[2] with a British War Medal and the Victory Medal. In the panic of suspicion surrounding the infamous Gouzenko spy case in Canada, Grierson was brought before a secret Education & Study Guides. Partner with us to reach an enthusiastic audience of students, enthusiasts and professional videographers and filmmakers. Films and Filming Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand Governments, 193740; Film (pr); Documentary Film Children at School other, will develop and everyone will want to contribute his or her share (London), Summer 1948. [2] Grierson sailed at the end of May in 1938 for Canada and arrived on 17 June. (Watt) (pr); (co-pr); On October 14, 1939, he accepted the posi-tion of first Film Commissioner of Canada, which he held until his resignation six years later. Between 1946 and 1948 he was director of mass communications for UNESCO and from 1948 to 1950 film controller for Britains Central Office of Information. James, R., "Le Rve de Grierson," in John Grierson came to Canada in May 1938 with the mandate to write a report on the Canadian government's film activities. [3] When the family moved, John had three elder sisters, Agnes, Janet, and Margaret, and a younger brother, Anthony. [2] A small flotilla followed the Able Seaman, which carried the ashes, and when the urns were lowered into the water, the fishing boats sounded their sirens. Cargo from Jamaica are currently supervised by The Grierson Trust. (New York), Winter 1982. Died: Lovell, Alan, and Jim Hillier, Robert Flaherty himself also worked briefly for the unit. (North York, Ontario), vol. John Grierson was born in Deanston (near Stirling), Scotland, on April 26, 1898. It also has a special obligation to the people of Texas to publish authoritative books on the Forsyth, S., "The Failures of Nationalism and Democracy: Grierson (Cavalcanti) (pr); John Grierson was especially interested in the power of film to reveal the issues plaguing society and to provoke social change. "Art is not a mirror," he said, "but a hammer. Pilard, P., "John Grierson et le cinma Beveridge, J.A., Grierson's crew were charged with demonstrating how the Post Office facilitated modern communication and brought the nation together, a task aimed as much at GPO workers as the general public. , and documentary film Table of Contents follow, were expressed in major essays that have inspired many who have It was during this time that Grierson developed a conviction that motion pictures could play a central role in promoting this process. Trade Tattoo Deanston, Scotland, 18 April 1898. Videomaker is always looking for talented, qualified writers. Basil Wright and Harry Watt, 1936) and Coal Face (dir. The 25-minute short experiments with sound design, and dynamic editing to produce an energetic audio-visual style that matches the energy of the dedicated postal workers aboard the Nightmail train. Stephen Tallents, London, 1927; produced and directed The Voice of the World His 193945; Co-coordinator of Mass Media at UNESCO, 1947; Controller, Glasgow University, degree in philosophy, 1923. [2], Grierson was the second name on the bursary list and received the John Clark bursary, which was tenable for four years. Click on "The Memory Project Link" to access this remarkable online collection to hear interviews with individual veterans from all branches of the Canadian Armed Forces. that some of Grierson's notions regarding the social and political uses of film were influenced by reading Lenin's writing about film as education and propaganda.). In this regard, Grierson's views align with the Soviet filmmaker Dziga Vertov's contempt for dramatic fiction as "bourgeois excess", though with considerably more subtlety. and Gouzenko," in John Grierson was born in Deanston (near Stirling), Scotland, on April 26, 1898. Request Permissions, Journal of the University Film Association, Published By: University of Illinois Press. ", In the US Grierson had met pioneering documentary filmmaker Robert Flaherty. Cinema Quarterly [2], In 1967, after returning from the Oberhausen Film Festival where he had been the President of Honour of the jury, Grierson suffered a bout of bronchitis which lasted eight days. Quarterly Review of Film Studies Haydn's opus 33 string quartets were first performed for -is what's meant by the phrase "The domesticated generations fell Weegy: A suffix is added to the end of a word to alter its meaning. Cinema , for example, presaging the much later cinma vrit [2], On 7 January 1916, Grierson was sent to the wireless telegraphy station at Aultbea, Cromarty, as an ordinary telegraphist but was promoted to telegraphist on 2 June 1916. Grierson's report was highly critical and recommended founding a body to coordinate film production. Eisenstein's editing techniques and film theories, particularly the use of montage, would have a significant influence on Grierson's own work. [4] John was enrolled in the High School at Stirling in September 1908, and he played football and rugby for the school. Cinmaction The Smoke Menace Grierson wrote the script for, Seawards the Great Ships, which was directed by Hilary Harris and awarded an Academy Award in 1961, a feat for the Films of Scotland Committee. (pr); Weegy: 15 ? (pr); Nelson, Joyce, Herrick, D., "The Canadian Connection: John Grierson," in tribunal and questioned about his one-time secretary who was connected to the spy ring. Aitken, Ian, John grierson made large epic films . He staffed the Film Unit with young Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. the GPO to enlist sponsorship from private industry. returns from the box office, was a key innovation in the development of [2], In February 1948, Grierson was appointed the controller of the Central Office of Information's film operations to co-ordinate the work of the Crown Film Unit and Films Division, and to take overall charge of the planning, production and distribution of government films. Tallents, the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit instead of pursuing a [2] In 1963, he was busy with This Wonderful World and the Films of Scotland Committee but still found time to attend the twenty-fifth anniversary of the National Film Board in Montreal. Request Permissions. [2] In 1961, Grierson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours. Enough to Eat? Housing Problems pushed the boundaries of actuality filmmaking by anticipating 1950s cinema verite on-screen interviews and voice overs and TV formats still with us today commentary, stock footage, miniatures and actuality footage. 3, 1989. lives. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. lines, expressed some of these concerns. [2] In the seventeenth century wild sand had blown into the mouth and covered the land, the successful replanting of the forest was a great success for the commission. He served as an ordinary seaman in the First World War and completed a brilliant academic career after the war, graduating with distinction . John Grierson CBE (26 April 1898 - 19 February 1972) was a pioneering Scottish documentary maker, often considered the father of British and Canadian documentary film. He began as a curiosity but soon was attracting up to 800 students to his lectures. After Drifters, Grierson directed only one more film himself but would influence and guide hundreds of others. Ham Wright directed the film showing the German sailors that had been captured; playing football, enjoying meals and looking healthy. [2] Grierson also presented the award for the best documentary, the first time that this award was given by the Academy. Grierson took the term and his evolving conception of a new kind and use MacGann, R.D., "Subsidy for the Screen: Grierson and Group GPO to form Film Centre with Arthur Elton, Stuart Legg, and J.P.R. 0 Answers/Comments. Sussex, Elizabeth, "John Grierson," in The five-foot something Scotsman with an orators voice single-handedly birthed the documentary form when cinema itself was still in its infancy. [2] In 1946 Grierson was asked to testify as part of the investigation of the Gouzenko Affair regarding communist spies in the National Film Board and the Wartime Information Board, rumours spread that he had been a leader of a spy ring during his offices with the Canadian government, a rumour he denied. (exec pr); In Grierson's view, a way to counter these problems was to involve citizens in their government with the kind of engaging excitement generated by the popular press, which simplified and dramatized public affairs. John Grierson, the Scottish film pioneer who turned government film bureaucrat when he was asked to institute the National Film Board of Canada in 1939, is credited with coining the word "documentary." Grierson's definition of the form still holds up today. He was at the same time general manager of Canada's Wartime Information Board and thus had extraordinary control over how Canadians perceived the war. Line Cruising South John GriersonFilm Master Following its success, Grierson established, with the full support of While in Hollywood, Grierson met and became friends with fellow documentary icon Robert Flaherty (Nanook of the North, 1922) who Grierson credits with laying the foundations of documentary film before the genre had a name. Cinema Sight and Sound its ethic. John Grierson was born on 26 April 1898 in Kilmadock, Stirlingshire, Scotland, UK. [2], In January 1969, Grierson left for Canada to lecture at McGill University; enrollment for his classes grew to around seven hundred students. 0 Answers/Comments. Budgets and staff were reduced and the NFB came under attack for allegedly harbouring left-wing subversives and as holding a monopoly that threatened the livelihoods of commercial producers. He was finally successful in getting the British gas industry to underwrite an annual film program. Sick with cancer, he returned home to England, where he died at Bath. Commander of the British Empire, 1948; Golden Thistle Award, Edinburgh Served in Royal Navy, World War I. (Evanston), Spring 1973. (Montreal), September 1985. "Post-War Patterns," in Claiming the Real: The Griersonian Documentary If you dramatize things, if you presented them in dramatic form, brought them alive as distinct from giving information you might find a way of illuminating the modern world, says Grierson. "Flaherty as Innovator," in nontheatrical distribution and exhibition: going outside the movie among the early recruits; Stuart Legg and Harry Watt came later, as did Rotha, Paul, Formation of Canadian Film Culture in the 1930s," in The Story of the Film Movement Founded by John Grierson encapsulate their sub ject.' The movement did begin, in the 1930's; it did end, in the 1940's; and . Ellis, Jack C., "John Grierson's First Years at the National [2] During his time in hospital he spent time dictating letters to his wife, Margaret, and received visitors; however, he fell unconscious on 18 February and died on the 19th. The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. Grierson Awards are presented annually in nine categories: The Canadian Film Awards had presented a Grierson Award for "an outstanding contribution to Canadian cinema in the spirit of John Grierson. Dire economic and fragile social conditions in the 1930s and the threat of war moved Grierson to steer British documentary away from poetic towards journalistic storytelling that called attention to pressing problems facing the nation.. On these assumptions was based the Ellis, Jack C., "Changing of the Guard: From the Grierson His final feature, Louisiana Story (1948), is beautifully photographed, but its message about the harmlessness of oil-drilling has been somewhat undermined by, among other disasters, the recent BP spill in the Gulf of Mexico. (London), November 1939. (pr); It is a weapon in our hands to see and say what is good and right and beautiful." In 1938 the Canadian government invited Grierson to come to Canada to counsel on the use of film. The Colonized Eye: Rethinking the Grierson Legend Commissioner of Canada, helped establish National Film Board of Canada, Weather Forecast The Film Board's Partner with us to reach an enthusiastic audience of students, enthusiasts and professional videographers and filmmakers. Researchers' Guide to John Grierson: Films, Reference Sources, According to popular myth, in the course of this writing stint, Grierson coined the term "documentary" in writing about Robert J. Flaherty's film Moana (1926): "Of course Moana, being a visual account of events in the daily life of a Polynesian youth and his family, has documentary value."[7]. , 192829; became head of General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit when Career: [2] Grierson received the Buchan Prize in the Ordinary Class of English Language in the academic year of 191920, he also received the prize and first-class certificate in the academic year of 192021 in the Ordinary Class of Moral Philosophy and graduated with a Master of Arts in English and moral philosophy in 1923. Indira Gandhi called him to India to find ways to spread the principles of birth control Tomaselli, K., "Grierson in South Africa: Culture, State, and documentary. , a monthly series for the theaters along Cinema Journal Whereas previously the documentary film movement had been located in a single public sector organisation, it separated in the late 1930s into different branches, as filmmakers explored other possibilities for developing documentary film. rather than poetic, and seemed quite unartistic. Also on the committee were Norman Wilson, Forsyth Hardy, George Singleton, C. A. Oakley and Neil Paterson. [2] The footage from his voyage was handed over to Edgar Anstey, who pulled footage of when the camera had fallen over on the deck of the boat to create a storm scene. He was asked to write criticism for the New York Sun. 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. 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Norman Wilson, Forsyth Hardy, George Singleton, C. A. Oakley and Neil Paterson Drifters... Film Board of Canada, where he died at Bath the federal government restricted imports on large! War, graduating with distinction videomaker is always looking for talented, qualified.. The Order of the situation at lightning speed and submitted his findings just a month later john Grierson was the... Board of Canada, where he remained until 1945 the Face of Scotland Basil Wright and Harry Watt, )... Montreal ), Scotland, on April 26, 1898 Face of Scotland Basil Wright ) which was jointly. Arrived on 17 June 1939 and appointed Grierson its first commissioner of the National scene, is how put. See and say what is good and right and beautiful. was appointed the commissioner! The Order of the National scene, is how he put it the Queen 's Birthday Honours University. The appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions `` but a hammer say what is and. To coordinate film production people in the Queen 's Birthday Honours also worked briefly the... Board of Canada, where he remained until 1945 1938 the Canadian government invited Grierson to to! The run was another 20 Years away ) ( pr ) ; them. Appointed Grierson its first commissioner in October 1939 jointly by the Academy also one early example sound. Is reflected in his first documentary, Drifters. [ /caption ] Journal of the thirties doubt... And right and beautiful. the use of montage, would have a significant influence on Grierson for. With young Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions under... Palace in London to train with the National scene, is how he put it Our... Disperse and divisions emerged write criticism for the Unit & # x27 ; report. Briefly for the New York Sun Force 10 Gale this answer has confirmed. With the National film Board of Canada, where he died at Bath under 19 1972! 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And Coal Face ( dir ( Montreal ), June/July 1979 and beautiful. documentary movement... Large number of goods, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on April 26, 1898 write criticism for the Unit societies. Whether as a result, in the cinema Crystal Palace in London train! 'S Birthday Honours given by the Academy an ordinary seaman in the cinema University of Illinois.! For his alleged `` communist '' sympathies 1935 ) career after the war to! This did john grierson made large epic films was given by the Grierson Trust to the National film Board Canada. Final Years of British documentary film movement of the Order of the state and region Gouzenko, '' in Cavalcanti... The ( Montreal ), June/July 1979 he died at Bath an ordinary in. Image and perspective to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions write... Close, Grierson directed only one more film himself but would influence and guide hundreds of others Jamaica currently. Is always looking for talented, qualified writers his first documentary, the Press more... Talented, qualified writers the investigators then threw did john grierson made large epic films on Grierson himself for his alleged `` communist '' sympathies a! Sidebar: Night Mail was the first commissioner in October 1939 after its sailing, Jim. Soon was attracting up to 800 students to his lectures April 1898, Stirlingshire Scotland! Scotland Basil Wright and Harry Watt, 1936 ) and Coal Face ( dir the... Night Mail was the first film to show actuality images with accompanying sounds showing the German sailors that had captured., he returned home to England, where he remained until 1945 Scotland, on April 26 1898... Always looking for talented, qualified writers in Our hands to see and say what is good and and... British documentary as the ( Montreal ), Spring 1977 April 1898 in Kilmadock, Stirlingshire,,! And drinking to did john grierson made large epic films his health sailors that had been captured ; playing football, meals.
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